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Viborg and Nyslott County (Swedish: Viborgs och Nyslotts län, Finnish: Viipurin ja Savonlinnan lääni) was a county of the Swedish Empire from 1634 to 1721. Prior to 1658 it was known as the County of Karelia (Swedish: Karelens län, Finnish: Karjalan lääni). The county was named after the castle towns of Viborg (Finnish: Viipuri) and Nyslott (Finnish: Savonlinna, literally New Castle), today located in the towns of Vyborg in Russia and Savonlinna in Finland.
The county was established in 1634 as Karelia County, but in 1641 Nyslott County (Swedish: Nyslotts län, Finnish: Savonlinnan lääni) was broken out and made a separate entity. In 1658 the counties were joined again as the Viborg and Nyslott County.
Following the Great Northern War parts of the southern parts were ceded to Russia in 1721, and the territory that remained was reconsitituted into the Savolax and Kymmenegård County (Swedish: Savolax och Kymmenegårds län, Finnish: Savonlinnan ja Kymenkartanon lääni), with the reminder of Kexholm County. In 1743 following a new conflict another part in the south was ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Åbo. Togeather the ceded territories became part of the Russian Vyborg Governorate, which also became known as Old Finland.
After the Russian victory in the Finnish War in 1809, Sweden ceded all its territory in Finland to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn, where it came to constitute a separate grand duchy. In 1812 Russia made the Vyborg Governorate part of the new Grand Duchy of Finland.
After World War II the Soviet Union annexed parts of the area and the remainder was renamed the Kymi Province. In the reform in 1997 it was added to Southern Finland Province.